作者:一个脑洞
在历史上,东京遭受过数次地震的侵袭。包括 1703 年的元禄江户地震,1855 年的安政江户地震以及最为严重的 1923 年关东大地震,2011 年东日本大地震再次给东京都政府和市民敲响了警钟。正是在这样的背景之下,2015 年,《东京防灾》一书得以诞生。
01. 什么是《东京防灾》
《东京防灾》充分考虑东京的地域特性、都市结构以及都民的生活方式,总结了灾害的事前准备、灾害发生时的应对措施等,具有实用性并在灾害发生提供有用信息,内容简单易懂,是一本完全根据东京情况制作的防灾手册。
日语版《东京防灾》中除了包含有可以自己写上确认好的避难路线、家族情况的「东京防灾自制防灾 MAP」之外,还附有能够保护手册、防止浸水污垢的塑料书套。一家一册,用黄色小盒包装送到您的家中。
除了日语版,还有英文版、中文版(简、繁体)、韩文版《东京防灾》。
02.《东京防灾》的内容
(1)大震灾演练(模拟从地震发生的瞬间直至避难、重建过程)
此章以大地震发生作为前提,详细介绍了在不同时间、地点和情境下所应采取的紧急应对方法,地震后短时间内的避难对策,以及更长时间范围内灾区重建的核心要点。本章内容翔实,用冷静的语气为读者详细介绍灾难可能带来的一切后果。其中甚至还包括 “直面死亡” 的章节以及东日本大地震和阪神大地震经历者们第一手的口述资料。
(2)需要立即行动的防灾方法(现在立即可以开始的防灾准备)
此章介绍了震灾发生前在家庭、公司、学校和社区等不同场所应该采取的防范措施。
(3)其他灾害和应对措施(地震以外东京可能发生的各种灾害及对策说明)
介绍了地震之外可能威胁到东京安全的灾害,包括了大雨、台风、泥石流甚至有战争和恐怖袭击。
(4)应急手册(以插图的方式介绍灾害发生时有用的应急信息及小智慧)
这章是最被网友津津乐道也可能是在日常生活中最实用的部分。该章介绍了在灾害之后如何用有限的资源来维持正常的生活。其中既包括了至关重要的急救手段(心肺复苏,止血包扎),也有类似野外生存的 DIY 技巧(如何制作临时的马桶,如何用牛仔裤做成简易的书包),甚至连在灾害时应该设计什么样的游戏来安抚孩子们的心灵都有涉及。
(5)必备灾害知识(总结灾害相关知识)
该章以清晰的逻辑介绍了地震、海啸等灾难的科学知识和历史案例。并备注了日本和东京相关救援机构的联系方式。全书在最后还附上了所有专业术语的解说,并按照年龄和灾难发生时所处的场所做出了相关内容索引。
(6)漫画 TOKYO “X” DAY(KawaguchiKaiji 氏原创漫画)
这个就不介绍了吧……
03. 东京都防灾 APP
在智能手机年代,大家除了可以下载电子书版本的防灾手册,还可以下载东京都防灾 APP 。
由东京市政府开发的「东京防灾」支持日语、英语及简繁体中文等,就算不懂日文的旅客也可以使用得到了。里面除了会有详细讲解在灾害发生时,的一些紧急应变措施,逃生资讯。还有提供东京地区最新的灾害情报,例如台风、海啸及地震等情报。也可以直接进入东京都防灾的 Twiiter ,取得最新的官方资讯。
#说明一下:使用的时候可能会因为某些众所周知的原因,造成打不开,或者是反应缓慢。
04. 《东京防灾》PDF 版
《东京防灾》中文电子版可在东京都政府官网下载:
http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/CHINESE/GUIDE/BOSAI/index.html
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